A list of requirements, constraints and considerations that a yet-to-be-designed product must fulfil.

• A. Architectural innovation
• B. Design specification
• C. Adaptation
• D. Configurational innovation

Answer: (B)

A design specification is a document that lists the requirements, constraints and considerations a yet-to-be-designed product must fulfil. It clearly sets out what the product should do (functional and performance needs) and the limits within which it must operate (size, weight, cost, materials, safety, regulatory rules, etc.). This specification guides every design decision and provides a measurable basis for later verification—designers know what to achieve and testers know what to check to confirm the product meets its intended goals. What it isn’t is a description of changing the system’s structure (architectural innovation), modifying something to fit a new context (adaptation), or rearranging components (configurational innovation). Those ideas relate to how a system is built or reconfigured, whereas a design specification focuses on the requirements the product must satisfy.