Which term identifies prototypes equipped to take measurements to provide quantitative feedback for analysis?

• A. Mock-ups
• B. Physical modelling
• C. Laminated object manufacturing (LOM)
• D. Instrumented models

Answer: (D)

The idea being tested is prototypes that carry sensors to gather data so you can get numerical feedback for analysis. Prototypes with instrumentation, often called instrumented models, are designed specifically to capture measurements such as deflection, strain, temperature, force, or displacement during testing. This makes it possible to compare actual performance with predictions from simulations or design assumptions, turning observations into quantitative results that can drive design decisions.

Mock-ups focus on appearance, ergonomics, or basic function without embedded measurement systems, so they don’t routinely provide the data needed for quantitative analysis. Physical modelling emphasizes creating a realistic physical representation for studying form, fit, or behavior, but it isn’t inherently about collecting measurement data. Laminated object manufacturing produces rapid physical forms but doesn’t imply any sensing or data collection built in. Instrumented models, by contrast, are built with sensors and data-logging capability specifically to measure responses and supply concrete numbers for evaluation.